The Impact of Chronic Smoking on Blood and Hair Cadmium Levels among Saudi Citizens in Hail

The increased incidence of idiopathic cardiovascular disorders in the modern society has highlighted on the putative role of metals deposition in human body with the development of chronic disorders in urban area. In this study was carried out to assess the influence of smoking on cadmium deposition in acute (blood) and chronic (hair) storage sites. 200 healthy Saudi citizens in Hail district, 90 nonsmokers and 110 smokers were enrolled voluntarily in this study, 400 biological samples (hair and blood) were obtained from 200 volunteer; 102 male and 98 female with age ranged between 18 and 65 years with a median of 35 years. All biological samples were analyzed for cadmium levels using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. In results the mean H-Cd and B-Cd concentration for study population was 0.417 μg/g and 0.292 μg/L, respectively. Cadmium levels were significantly higher in males than females (P <0.05); mean HCd and BCd concentrations were 0.485 μg/g, 0.464 μg/L for male and 0.289 μg/g, 0.295 μg/L for female , respectively. An exponential increase in cadmium levels in hair and blood with smoking was demonstrated (P <0.05), additionally, a significant correlation was shown for smoking duration and levels of H-Cd and B-Cd (r= 0.289, P <0.05) (r= 0.303, P <0.05), respectively. There was a threefold increase in levels of H-Cd and B-Cd for smokers group of more than 10 years in comparison with nonsmokers group.